What Are The Risks And Benefits
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Individuals with autism are often simultaneously diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD.
Stimulant medication is often used to improve concentration, to reduce activity levels, and to provide impulse control. Sometimes interactions and relationships are also improved. Quantity and quality of work are also increased.
The mechanism of action is unknown, but may involve dopamine.
The most common types of stimulant medication are listed below.
- Adderall (dextroamphetamine and amphetamine)
- Concerta (methylphenidate)
- Cylert (pemoline)
- Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
- Ritalin (methylphenidate)
Stimulant medication has been studied primarily in white male school age children. Most research has been done with Ritalin for short terms. Most of the stimulants appear to be comparable. Very little long term studies have been performed.
Stimulants produce their effect almost immediately, but the wear off quickly also. When the medication wears off, rebound symptoms may appear. Some longer acting formulations have been developed.
Stimulant medication has the potential for abuse since it is a controlled substance. However, the potential is low. Some individuals do experience worsening of inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity while taking the medication.
Common side effects of stimulants include insomnia, appetite suppression, weight loss and stunted growth. Although stimulants do not cause tics, stimulants may exacerbate a pre-existing tic disorder and Tourette’s syndrome.
Recently, the FDA has added a black box warning for stimulants because they have been associated with cardiovascular risks including sudden death.
Strattera (atomoxetine) is a new non-stimulant drug which has been approved for ADHD by the FDA. This drug offers an alternative to stimulant medication.
Other ADHD medication includes the medications listed below.
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Atypical antidepressants
- Mood stabilizers
Management of ADHD should also include behavior modification, time management skills, organizational skills, and educational accommodations in addition to ADHD medication.
Please discuss these medications with your physician and pharmacist if you have any more questions or any concerns.
Learn more about discount online pharmacy solutions for your medication.
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